How does antitrust enforcement against patent-based monopolies affect innovation? I address this question by … ordered to license all its copier-technology patents in the US and abroad. I show that this promoted innovation by other firms … available for licensing. This positive effect is driven by increased innovation by Japanese competitors. They started developing …

We study the blocking effect of patents on follow-on innovation by others. We posit that follow-on innovation requires … freedom to operate (FTO), which firms typically obtain through a license from the patentee holding the original innovation …. Where licensing fails, follow-on innovation is blocked unless firms gain FTO through patent invalidation. Using large …

to challenge-driven innovation policies in order to tackle climate emergencies and other 'wicked' societal challenges … existing state capacity, public sector innovation capacity and dynamic capabilities literature. Using three brief case studies …

economy, community-based social innovation and well-being. While supporting this emphasis, we see a tendency to neglect …