data to examine whether landowning and landless elites differ in the extent to which they support health infrastructure … health-promoting public goods improves with the political influence of the landless elite. We also provide evidence for two … mechanisms: first, landless elites face a higher risk of strikes, and second, they have more economic benefits from improving the …

measurement of democracy. I proceed in two step. In the first part, I describe the classical approach for producing a measure of … democracy and sketch an alternative approach. The second part provides an overview about existing democracy index. …

We present a simple model, illustrating how democracy may improve the quality of the economic institutions. The model … further suggests that institutional quality varies more across autocracies than across democracy and that the positive effect …

protest, and the consequences of political distrust for the stability of democracy. Do these protests represent a revolt of … the distrustful which intensifies the frequently invoked crisis of democracy? Our study answers this question by focusing … trust in the core institutions of representative democracy in Germany and that political distrust increases the readiness …

autocracy. We focus on the Protestant Church and the Peaceful Revolution in East Germany. To quantify the role of leader …

post-apartheid democracy. …

than only a narrow elite benefit from regional favoritism. …