We analyse and compare individual beliefs about the effects of competition and their evolution over time in transition … economies and experienced market economies. At the onset of transition, competition beliefs in transition countries are far more … in transition countries. We argue that overly optimistic competition beliefs in transition countries contributed to the …

form motivated beliefs in order to improve their subjective anticipation of the future political outcome. In equilibrium … evidence produces a temporary polarization of beliefs, but that disclosing unequivocal information eliminates the disagreement. …

Confidence is often seen as the key to success. Empirical evidence about whether such beliefs causally map into actions … shift beliefs, we find that beliefs can be shifted, which in turn shifts decisions. In our setting, the beliefs of low … and women react similarly to the treatment. However, men hold higher baseline beliefs, implying that women make better …

persuasion. Our results reveal several insights. First, narratives are persuasive: We find that they systematically shift beliefs …

about how such beliefs about one's own abilities causally influence choices is, however, sparse. In this paper, we use a …

A large literature studies subjective beliefs about economic facts using unincentivized survey questions. We devise … beliefs about average earnings by professional degree and average public school spending. Incentive provision does not impact … earnings beliefs, but improves school-spending beliefs. Response patterns suggest that the latter effect likely reflects …

, who adjust their ability beliefs downwards in response to feedback. …