, openness to trade, and public indebtedness. Based on a novel quarterly dataset of government expenditure in 44 countries, we …

assets via business cycle volatility, financial globalization, and endogenous Sudden Stops. Our results show that financial … globalization and Sudden Stop risk are plausible explanations of the surge in reserves but cyclical volatility, which has declined …

subject to random shocks affecting endowments, the terms of trade, and the real interest rate. Equilibrium stochastic … mimics the Harberger-Laursen-Metzler effect, but cannot account for a countercyclical trade balance, the variability of the … real exchange rate, and the income elasticity of imports. The results also show that the correlation between the trade …