innovation distinguishing between "dirty" (internal combustion engine) and "clean" (e.g. electric and hybrid) patents across 80 … tax-inclusive fuel prices. Furthermore, there is path dependence in the type of innovation both from aggregate spillovers … and from the firm's own innovation history. Using our model we simulate the increases in carbon taxes needed to allow …

for around 17% of the total increase in the top 1% income share between 1975 and 2010. Yet, innovation does not appear to … increase other measures of inequality which do not focus on top incomes. Next, we show that the positive effects of innovation … vindicate the Schumpeterian view whereby the rise in top income shares is partly related to innovation-led growth, where …