Because China has become one of the largest applicants of PCT patents, it is of interest to compare the quality of … based on firm-level regressions and find that in China, only foreign citations, but not domestic and self citations, have a … results show that domestic and self citations suffer from an upward bias in China and should be employed with caution if they …

.S. economy during the last 40 years. In this paper, we replicate their findings for China and Germany, using detailed firm …

We study the evolution of patenting in China from 1985-2019. We use a Large Language Model to measure patent importance …

China’s R&D policy could have been more than twice as effective in boosting R&D without misappropriation. R&D expenditures … misappropriation of public funds considerably undermines the impact of R&D policies in China. …

representative case of China’s ‘virus exceptionalism’ in COVID-19 mitigation. We discuss the effectiveness of this strategy and raise …

. Overall, misappropriation has reduced the effectiveness of China’s R&D policy by more than half. …