association started with a voluntary benchmarking aimed to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of the sector. Secondly … efficiency of these two evolutions. In particular, we adapt Free Disposal Hull (FDH) to estimate robust and conditional non …-oriented efficiency estimates. Parametric COLS (Fourier) tests show the robustness of the model with respect to the specification and its …

The literature suggests that competition among schools might increase quality. However, not much empirical evidence is … present as only a few countries allow competition at a large scale. One exception is the Netherlands. Free parental choice is … Netherlands we show that there is a relation between competition and student achievement in upper secondary education, but that it …

Ample evidence is available for the effect of competition on educational quality as only a few countries allow large … scale competition. In the Netherlands free parental choice is present since the beginning of the 20th century, which can be … between competition and educational outcomes in secondary education, but that it is negative and small. This effect is larger …

inequality and growth, reports widely divergent (parametric and non-parametric) empirical findings. We explain why lack of …