School closures induced by the COVID-19 pandemic led to concerns about student learning. This paper evaluates the … effect of school closures on student learning in Uzbekistan, using a unique dataset that allows assessing change in learning … reasons for no learning loss. …

to estimate learning losses. It models the effect of school closures on achievement by predicting the deviation of the …. Scores declined by an average of 14 percent of a standard deviation, roughly equal to seven months of learning. Losses were …