time in trade literatures. Inserting tariffs directly into the gravity equation breaks the ITAs impact down into four …

This paper explores the role that quality of infrastructure has on a country's trade performance, estimating a gravity … estimators, multilateral resistances for tariffs and remoteness are introduced in the gravity equation. Moreover, the robustness … included. The results can be summarised in four main findings: (i) bilateral tariffs, generally neglected in gravity regression …