how to resolve the immediate problem of ‘replacing’ Russian gas for Europe’s demand needs now and for the next few years … TTF in particular, as this hub has for several years now been the most liquid by far in Europe, and has been widely used … shows that the TTF is truly the leading pricing benchmark for North-West Europe and indeed many other European countries …

This study explores the structural shifts in Europe’s energy landscape following the loss of over one-third of its … Russia and Europe. Amidst Europe’s deep integration into global energy markets, this paper assesses the medium-term market …, highlighting Europe’s reliance on natural gas for significant energy consumption and the consequent need for diversifying energy …

cargoes from aggregators and traders. This paper argues that the LNG demand seen in Europe in 2022-23 is not temporary, but is … from over-supply to under-supply akin to that seen in Europe between 2019/20 and 2021/22. This uncertainty raises the … premium on re-selling to Europe and Asia, and end users who will only be willing to commit to contracts with destination and …