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This paper investigates the efficiency of the public sector in a sense of public performance and expenditures. For 23 …, security and infrastructure. We use several efficiency techniques (FDH, order-m) and investigate input- and output …-oriented efficiency of the public sector. We find that countries with small public sectors tend to be more efficient no matter which …
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We assess five proposals for the future of the EU greenhouse gas Emission Trading Scheme (ETS): pure grandfathering allocation of emission allowances (GF), output-based allocation (OB), auctioning (AU), auctioning with border adjustments (AU-BA), and finally output-based allocation in sectors...
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productivity. However, this is not the only channel for climatic change to affect agro-systems. Biodiversity is subject to climatic … fluctuations and in turn may alter land productivity too. Firstly, biodiversity is an input into agro-ecosystems. Secondly … important wildlife species which, though not always, play a functional role in land productivity, nonetheless constitute …
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