From a strictly formal point of view, employment regulation in Czechia, Hungary, Poland and Slovakia (CEECs) provides an acceptable level of protection for employees. However, workers' formal rights are being violated and circumvented on a massive scale. Because the oversight system is...

In this paper we provide new estimates of the impact of unions on nonunion wage setting. We allow the presence of unions to affect nonunion wages both through the typically discussed channel of nonunion firms emulating union wages in order to fend off the threat of unionisation and through a...

This study examines the development and implementation of judicial strategies by the European Trade Union Confederation (ETUC) over the last fifteen years. Firstly, the author shows that this strategy was born in the wake of the Viking and Laval cases, with the aim of using the standards and...