This paper investigates the impact of direct and indirect R&D on the productivity growth of 30 French industries during the period 1978-92. The main aim of this paper is to assess the appropriateness of the Yale Technology Concordance (YTC) as a proxy for indirect R&D flows. We compare the...

In this paper, we measure the effect of internal R&D and various spillover concepts on productivity growth, using a database for France that covers the period 1978-92. Three spillover concepts are distinguished: rent spillovers related to investment goods; rent spillovers related to intermediate...

This paper analyzes trade-related knowledge flows from an innovating country to other countries. It is assumed that knowledge is embodied in commodities traded between countries and that the potential productivity of this knowledge is determined by the local usability of foreign technologies....