An effective and easy-to-implement frequency filter is designed by convolving a Hamming window with the ideal rectangular filter response function. Three other filters (Hodrick-Prescott, Baxter-King, and Christiano-Fitzgerald) are critically reviewed. The behavior of the Hamming-windowed filter...

This paper confronts, theoretically and empirically, two estimation methods for the Equilibrium Rate of Unemployment (ERU). By introducing observable variables into the TV-NAIRU approach and unobservable variables into the structural approach, we show how these two methods can converge even...