This paper confronts, theoretically and empirically, two estimation methods for the Equilibrium Rate of Unemployment (ERU). By introducing observable variables into the TV-NAIRU approach and unobservable variables into the structural approach, we show how these two methods can converge even...

This paper deals with Euro introduction and ask whether it is likely to increase the exchange rates volatility on a world-wide scale. Following this purpose, we present a three country-model (US, Germany and France) and compare the exchange rate volatility according to the nature of the shock...

The economic crisis which started in 2008 led to a strong rise in public debts. The sovereign debt crisis in euro area southern countries breached the unity of the euro area and weakened the single currency concept. The paper shows that this situation is not due to a lack of fiscal discipline in...