This paper offers a novel perspective on the implications of increasingly autonomous and “black box” algorithms, within the ramification of algorithmic trading, for the integrity of capital markets. Artificial intelligence (AI) and particularly its subfield of machine learning (ML) methods...

Cross-border payments suffer from a lack of speed and transparency and limited access, resulting in higher overall costs than domestic payments. This paper analyses how the best execution principle developed in the context of securities and derivatives could be applied to cross-border payments....

Various states have started providing private law frameworks for blockchain transfersand crypto assets. The first acts have been adopted by France and Liechtenstein,while a commission of the British government sees no difficulties in extending propertyprotection under the Common law to crypto...

According to Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz (Leipzig, 1646 - Hannover, 1716), we live in the best of all possible worlds. The giant of French philosophes, Voltaire, had a different view: in his novel Candide (1758), the disillusioned protagonist ends up with a different, anti-idealistic view. The...

Online trading platforms and internet communities facilitate access to financial markets and let investors reduce transaction and coordination costs. In this way: (1) they permit many people to be directed towards a single goal, but, at the same time, (2) they allow operations aimed at...

This paper addresses a core feature of the debt capital markets in general and securitisation transactions in particular; the creation of debt claims with different ranking and priority (also referred to as “tranching”).The primary purpose of the study is to develop an understanding of the...

With transformative evolution involving crypto-assets, machine learning applications and data-driven finance models, complex regulatory and policy issues are emerging. Inadequate frameworks in FinTech markets create regulatory friction and regulatory fragmentation. These limitations continue to...

Banks are crucial enablers of financial and economic development. They have an immense corporate social responsibility (CSR) towards society. Bank´s CSR activities are considered increasingly vital for their own success and sustainable growth, especially as they operate in a business...

The regulatory sandbox is a real world alternative to regulatory lag. Its emergence as a novel regulatory development responds to challenges faced by FinTech innovators in navigating an unwieldy regulatory landscape not designed with FinTech in mind. Regulatory sandboxes are in operation in...

When it comes to banks, disclosure – as a means towards market discipline – can be considered from the standpoint of both Basel's Pillar 3 and (in case of listed banks) the Market Abuse Regulation. Especially in the latter context, it is controversial whether the specific layer of...