Showing 1 - 10 of 10
Digitalisation can be viewed as a major supply/technology shock affecting macroeconomic aggregates that are important for monetary policy, such as output, productivity, investment, employment and prices. This paper takes stock of developments in the digital economy and their possible impacts...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012829748
This occasional paper reviews the macroeconomic developments in the euro area countries over the past 20 years. It analyses the accumulation of macroeconomic imbalances in the first decade of the EMU and their unwinding during the second decade. It shows that while flow imbalances have been...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012915884
In the euro area, there is mixed evidence that the GDP per capita of lower-income economies has been catching up with that of higher-income economies since the start of monetary union. The significant real convergence performance of some of the most recent members contrasts with that of the...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012941989
Against the background of increasing competition and other significant structural changes implied by globalisation, maintaining and enhancing competitiveness has evolved into one of the prime concerns in most countries. Following up on previous work (see in particular ECB Occasional Papers No....
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012771666
The onset of the financial crisis in 2008 has highlighted the problems of diverging external imbalances within Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) and the role of persistent losses in competitiveness. This paper starts by investigating some of the competitiveness factors which contributed to...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10013089688
The paper provides an overview of studies on the social and private costs of retail payments conducted since 2013 in nine EU countries and collates the results obtained. Social costs of retail payments are the overall costs resulting from providing payment services to society and deriving from...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10013406430
This paper assesses the potential economic impact of Next Generation EU (NGEU), focusing on the euro area. Its findings suggest that the envisaged national investment and reform plans present a coherent package to support both recovery from the pandemic-induced crisis and longer-term...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10013291193
The European Central Bank (ECB) carried out a study of the social and private costs of different payment instruments with the participation of 13 national central banks in the European System of Central Banks (ESCB). It shows that the costs to society of providing retail payment services are...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10013315862
Fiscal policy plays a prominent role in climate change mitigation and adaptation. An optimal combination of revenue policies, in particular taxes, and expenditure policies, such as subsidies and investment, is essential in order to achieve greenhouse gas emissions targets. This paper analyses...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10014355333
This paper reviews selected aspects of economic relations between the EU and Russia, focusing on the impact that the … last two waves of EU enlargement have had on Russia, as well as the role of the euro in Russia. The analysis suggests that … if EU enlargement has had any diversion effects on trade between the EU and Russia at all, they have been minimal, while …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012750208