- relative to older borrowers has played a major role in easing the debt repayment burden in the presence of large income shocks …. Notwithstanding historically low interest rates, we show that income shocks are the main factor contributing to mortgage repayment …

decomposing disposable income into labour, property and transfer income is essential for understanding and forecasting consumption …. Finally, substantial crosscountry heterogeneity in marginal propensities to consume out of income and wealth components calls …

-simulations to investigate heterogeneity in the euro area. We quantify shocks to wealth, income and financial pressure faced by … affected the income-poor, while the declining wealth the income-rich. Although borrowers benefited from the substantial … decrease in interest rates, debt service-income and debt-income ratios for poor households went up as they faced falling …

the first research question confirmed the findings of international literature, i.e. mainly older age, lower income and … income and education, or lower level of cash income are more likely to prefer and actually use electronic payment methods …

shopping behavior of households explain some of the inflation differences, whereas income does not seem to have a notable … influence in normal times. However, during high inflation periods, the lowest income group is found to face higher inflation … rates than other income groups. …

-expressed as a share of 2021-22 income- were larger than a typical recession, and heterogeneous, e.g., 3% in France and 8% in Italy …