on output and, in particular, also on inflation in the euro area under alternative settings for monetary policy. We … that this over-proportionality is stronger for the fiscal multiplier on inflation than on output. We relate this finding to …

credibility a pegged exchange rate regime yields a lower loss compared to an inflation targeting policy, even if this policy … for a policy-maker to adopt inflation targeting over a strict exchange rate targeting regime. Full credibility is not a … precondition, but exposure to foreign and financial shocks and high steady state inflation make joining the EMU relatively more …

Inflation targeting is implemented in different ways – most often by adopting point targets, by having tolerance bands … target types affect the anchoring of inflation expectations at shorter horizons differently. It tests two contradictory …. This suggests that there are some benefits to adopting intervals, but the central bank can anchor inflation expectations …

Assigning a discretionary central bank a mandate to stabilize an average inflation rate—rather than a period …-by-period inflation rate—increases welfare in a New Keynesian model with an occasionally binding lower bound on nominal interest rates … inflation targeting (AIT) is equivalent to price level targeting (PLT). However, AIT with a finite, but sufficiently long …

stochastic menu costs are the only distortions. We show analytically that it is optimal to commit to zero inflation in the long …

We show that the announcement of the ECB’s Strategy Review and the revision of its inflation target in summer 2021 went … persistent credibility gains, even after inflation increased …

. Our analysis improves upon existing work by endogenising the volatility of both output and inflation. Improved …

are consistent with the behavior of inflation. We label these deviations the output gap. In order to pin-down the features … of the model, we evaluate the accuracy of real-time inflation forecasts from different model specifications. The version … that forecasts inflation best implies that after the 2011 sovereign debt crisis the output gap in the euro area has been …

countries with low inflation, the raw relationship between average inflation and the growth rate of money is tenuous at best … elasticities implied by theories of Baumol-Tobin and Miller-Orr. Finally, the sample after 1990 shows considerably less inflation … variability, worsening the fit of a one-for-one relationship between money growth and inflation, and generates a fairly low …