It is estimated that two million properties and five million people are located in areas at flood risk in England and Wales, with nearly 100,000 homes and businesses at risk of flooding in Scotland. These numbers are anticipated to rise significantly as a result of climate change which the IPCC...

Flood risks are forecast to rise significantly across many parts of Europe, USA, and Asia. As the climate warms, sea levels will continue to rise and the water holding capacity of the atmosphere will increase exponentially. At the same time, the cost of building flood barriers will increase...

Urban problems are becoming too serious to leave solely in the hand of government authorities but have necessitated drawing the wisdom and resources of all parties involved in contemporary urban predicaments. Under the state-ownership system of urban land in China, there are no forces to change...