multidimensional approaches to poverty and social exclusion, increasing concerns about reliance on nationally based income poverty …. Contrary to the situation with national income poverty measures, levels of economic vulnerability vary systematically across … the population. Unlike the national relative income approach, the focus on economic vulnerability produces a pattern of …

-tax income (distribution, composition, demographic structure, etc.). We conduct this exercise for a battery of poverty and …To assess the impact of tax-benefit policy changes on income distribution over time, we suggest a decomposition … adjusted in line with income growth. We apply this measure to analyze the effect of recent policy changes in twelve European …

extent to which the measures currently employed as national indicators of poverty and social exclusion succeed in capturing … ability increasing sharply as one moves from 'at risk of poverty' to consistent poverty and finally economic vulnerability … problems by concentrating on household behaviour or, indeed, triggering factors without taking the wider social structuring of …

income and previous car ownership to be the strongest determinants of differences in household car ownership. Other important …This paper examines the determinants of household car ownership in Ireland, using longitudinal data for the period 1995 … growing from 74.6 per cent to 80.8 per cent over the period. Understanding the determinants of household car ownership, a key …

indicate that the greatest impact comes from the inclusion of imputed rent for owner occupation as part of the resource measure …. When this is done, the rate of 'resource poverty' for older people is substantially reduced, in line with results which use … indicators of standard of living as well as cash incomes ('consistent poverty'). …

there is a negative relationship between income and vegetarianism. In relatively poor countries, vegetarianism appears to be …