Due to the high heating power of the electric arc furnace, precise end point control of the EAF refining process is essential for efficient melt processing. The evolution of the steel bath temperature was measured during the EAF refining phase using a novel fibre optical measurement system based...

The project objective was to develop a through-process control strategy for a reliable, simultaneous achievement of low steel carbon and nitrogen levels within the electric steelmaking route under minimum energy and material costs with optimal productivity. Detailed investigations on the effect...

The project aims to set up a methodology to manage the electric arc furnace(EAF) charged with the variable materials mix guaranteeing the required steel quality, minimising the cost to produce crude steel and the environmental impact, having in mind the volatility of scrap quality/price ratio...

Control of slag foaming in the BOF has always been problematic. With increased pressure on process yields and productivity, combined with increased demands for accurate control of refining it is important to develop a process control tool that can consistently achieve the optimum performance...

The objective of the project was to improve deslagging processes during two process steps of liquid steelmaking by applying image sensors and process models to control deslagging operations. The two process steps that were investigated are: after hot metal desulphurisation at SSAB EMEA AB,...

The project objectives are to characterise gas stirring during ladle metallurgy using vibration and camera sensors, and to develop innovative signal processing for obtaining representative indices, used as input into online metallurgical models for adjusting and improving the process. DH and...

The objective of this research project was to improve steel metallurgy and quality by optimisation of the ladle stirring process. Throughout the project, the interactions between solid, liquid and gaseous phases involved in ladle stirring were examined. • Melting of alloying materials was...

A new deadman (DM) porosity and position criterion was developed using bottom temperature and tapping data. This was established online at industrial plants. The ultrasound technique AU-E seems promising to assist with conventional wear determination. Copper was successfully established for...

The main aim of the study is the development of tools able to predict hydrogen content in steel and to assess the best practices to keep it below the critical threshold. A survey of current hydrogen detection methods both for liquid and solid steel have been carried out and the most reliable...

The MAC D project has shown a realistic potential to replace today's carburizing route in the manufacturing of a helical gear with an induction hardening route. The transition includes evaluation and choice of a new suitable steel and as delivered microstructure from the forging, data of...