The 9-Euro Ticket increased public transport use but hardly shifted away from car travel. Train use surged for leisure activities; car use dropped least among commuters. The 9-Euro Ticket led to overcrowding, delaying both regional and non-covered long-distance trains. A rough calculation...

Several countries use household tax credits to incentivize tax compliance in the provision of household services. Tax credits increase households' willingness to pay for an invoice; however, the effectiveness depends on their design. A tax credit that makes the financial benefit salient to...