This paper is devoted to a detailed examination of the exact sampling properties of the instrumental variables (IV) estimator of the vector of coefficients on the exogenous variables in a single structural equation. The first two moments of a linear combination of the elements of this estimator...

This paper examines the exact sampling behavior of a family of instrumental variables estimators of the coefficients in a single structural equation when the model has been misspecified by the incorrect inclusion or exclusion of variables. It is found that such specification errors can have...

This paper explores the robustness of minimum distance (GMM) estimators focusing particularly on the effect of intermediate covariance matrix estimation on final estimator performance. Asymptotic expansions to order <italic>O</italic>(<italic>n</italic>^−3/2) are employed to construct <italic>O</italic>(<italic>n</italic>⁻²) expansions for the variance of...