The Granger representation theorem states that a cointegrated vector autoregressive process can be decomposed into four components: a random walk, a stationary process, a deterministic part, and a term that depends on the initial values. In this paper, we present a new proof of the theorem. This...

This paper examines the capabilities of the Normal Inverse Gaussian distribu-tion as a model for stock returns. We extend the model of Barndorff-Nielsen (1997) to allow for a richer volatility structure and compare with the existing GARCH-type models. We conclude that the proposed model...