VARMA models can be parameterized by using the echelon form, which is characterized by the Kronecker indices. Three different methods for estimating the Kronecker indices of echelon-form VARMA models are discussed and compared. The three methods are expected to work even for non-stationary...

The properties of a range of maximum eigenvalue and trace tests for the coin-tegrating rank of a vector autoregressive process are compared. The tests are all likelihood-ratio-type tests and operate under different assumptions regarding the deterministic part of the data generation process. The...

When applying Johansen's procedure for determining the cointegrating rank to systems of variables with linear deterministic trends, there are two possible tests to choose from. One test allows for a trend in the cointegration relations and the other one restricts the trend to being orthogonal to...