This paper argues that an important factor in a married woman's decision to enter the labor force is the degree of uncertainty associated with expectations of future wages and (husband's) income, and that high levels of uncertainty during the 1970s may have contributed substantially to the...

This paper shows that, under constant returns to scale and free entry, customer discrimination, unlike employer or employee discrimination, can cause long-run wage differentials. The general equilibrium impact of affirmative action policies on wages, productivity, and unemployment is contrasted...