This paper provides benchmark estimates of the impact that trade unions have on the wage rates paid to workers in Great Britain using data from the Labour Force Survey. This is done for a number of gender and occupational subgroups of the population using information on both union membership and...

Using data from the Fourth National Survey of Ethnic Minorities, English language fluency is shown to have an important influence over the level of earnings that ethnic minorities are able to command within the employee labour market. There is also evidence to suggest that language fluency has...