Since 1998, U.S. commercial banks with significant trading activities have been required to hold capital against their defined market risk exposure. Under the "internal models" approach embodied in the current regulatory guidelines, the capital charges are a function of banks' own value-at-risk...

Supervisory BOPEC ratings were assigned to bank holding companies (BHCs) during the years 1987 to 2004 as a summary of their overall performance and level of supervisory concern. In this article, we examine the stability of the BOPEC ratings assigned over that period. We model supervisory...

Bank supervisory monitoring, both on-site and off-site, generates a wealth of information with which to judge the safety and soundness of banks and bank holding companies (BHCs). For BHCs with publicly traded securities, the monitoring efforts of investors generate additional information that...