The dominant perspective in discussions of labour and environmental standards and globalization is that of North-South competition and its impact on Northern standards. This paper presents an alternative perspective, that of South-South competition to export to the North and its impact on...

In this paper, the authors analyze the factors determining the pattern of trade between underemployed economies. They find, among other things, that a low-wage, land-abundant country exports the land-using, labor-intensive product to a high-wage, capital-abundant country. The authors also find...

This paper investigates optimal trade policies for a small open economy with unemployment. When factor prices are rigid, random foreign prices result in random unemployment of resources. The ranking of second-best policies is investigated. If the marginal propensity to consume the importable is...