of innovation as well as correlative data that show a negative correlation between income inequality and levels of … innovativeness. Our two models suggest that unequal access to problems slows innovation by reducing the level and variety of human … capital applied to problems. More interestingly, both models show that the rate of innovation decline becomes much more …

include measures of innovation outcomes as well as variables related to innovation effort. The main indicator of innovation … outputs is patents. The main variables related to innovation inputs are investment in research and development (R&D) and … of innovation outputs and inputs by looking at the over-time behavior of the relevant series and comparing the …

A model of firm innovation illustrates the effects of the threat of imitation and product varieties on a representative … innovation in developing countries? (2) Do trade policies and the national investment climate affect firms ' propensity for … product innovation? The econometric evidence suggests that the answers are yes and yes, but the investment climate affects …