This paper considers the efficiency of money creation by banks and the principles of the central bank issuance to improve over it. The ability to issue deposit liability as a means of payment enlarges banks lending capacities and subjects them to fiercer competition. In curcumstances where banks...

This paper considers two types of technological change in a unified model. Typ A is unskilled-biased, allowing workers to cheaply produce more. This hurts the least talented workers while possibly benefitting the most talented ones. Together, these technological changes may have contributed to...

The Reputation of a natural person is anchored by his type, the characterisitics invariant over time. Since the members change from time to time, an organization has no type. Then how can it derive reputation now from its past? And if it bears reputation without backed by a fixed type, what is...

The paper proposes that the organization of financial markets is decided by the allocation of the liability to repay investors. Based on the liability allocation, the paper examines all possible modes of organizing finance and monitoring in an economy a la Townsend (1979). The equilibrium mode...

The paper shows that the principal can enhance her control over the agent's human capital by acquiring the physical capital that is critical for him to create value. However, the enhancement in the control necessarily reduces his incentive to make human capital investment ex ante and to exert...

This paper presents a model on the leverage of financial intermediaries, where debt are held by risk averse agents and equity by the risk neutral. The paper shows that in an unregulated competitive market, financial intermediaries choose to be leveraged over the social best level. This is...