The relationship between skill-upgrading and internationalization is addressed by decomposing import after country-of-origin and end-use of products. The break-down after country-of-origin is of crucial importance, implying that international trade with low-wage countries leads to comprehensive...

This paper challenges the idea that returns to schooling in self-employment are similar to those in wage work by establishing a non-linear relationship with very low returns for most educational levels in self-employment. We conclude that previous log-linear specifications in the self-employment...