This letter provides an approach to decompose the value added content of trade into foreign and domestic components when intermediates are traded. The measure adds to the existing literature by considering both exports and imports simultaneously. In this way this approach generalizes the...

We examine learning-by-exporting effects of manufacturing and services firms in 19 sub-Saharan African countries. Comparing several outlier-robust estimators, our results provide evidence for positive effects in the manufacturing sector when using the MM estimator, but not in the services sector.