What are the gains from international trade? And how do immigrants influence this process? We consider the case of Canada, document its experience with import variety growth in the period from 1988 to 2007, and relate this variety growth to the process of immigration. We find that import...

We investigate time-dependent border and distance effects in the nineteenth century and document clear declines in these variables over time. This suggests that trade costs may have not declined as dramatically in the late twentieth century as has been supposed.