When public research laboratories and industry meet to produce and exchange knowledge and technologies, they face decisions about how to frame these collaborations to make the best use of each partner’s resources, ensure a productive and fair outcome, and defuse any tensions and conflicts. In...

In Turkey, between 1994 and 2005, growth has been pro-poor in terms of rate of growth of income, but not in absolute values. This result is debatable. Firstly because the poorest (centiles 0 to 20) did increase more than the average their expenditures on health and education, which should be...

We define ‘failing states’ are those low-income states in which policy and governance is persistently very bad. We develop a theory of reform in these states in which several characteristics of the society might potentially be the binding constraint on change. We then introduce aid,...

Analyse l'épargne mondiale et explore les voies qui permettraient d'améliorer le fonctionnement des marchés boursiers et financiers, afin de rééquilibrer le partage de l'épargne entre Etats-Unis, Europe et pays pauvres et d'assurer un développement plus équitable au niveau mondial....

The legal protection of knowledge has become a major asset for compagnies seeking to go beyond the constraints of place and space traning. What legal framework can be applied to the training provided in a digital environment? According to an exploratory process conducted with a sample of ten...

Firms have a variety of possible mechanisms for preventing competitors to take advantage of their investment in knowledge capital. The availability and effectiveness of these mechanisms varies across firms. This paper aims at understanding the impact of trust on secrecy efficiency. The...

This paper provides new evidence on the contractual governance of technology licensing agreements. Using an international sample of licensing contracts, we explore how contracts are designed to deal with specific contractual risks. In particular, we comparatively assess the influences of...

This article provides evidence that patent protection can have a positive effect on trade, by analysing the impact of the implementation of intellectual property rights (IPR) in developing countries on the US exports of pharmaceutical products, following intense lobbying efforts from the US...