In the French language, the word comptabiliteacute (accounting) first appeared in the middle of the eighteenth century. It was used in the Royal finances and its first meaning was that of accountability. Until the middle of the nineteenth century, or thereabouts, the uses of the word evolved...

Following Colbert's Ordonnance of 1673, most of whose provisions were reiterated in the Code de Commerce, 1807 and the Law of Bankruptcy, 1838, traders in France were under a legal obligation to keep accounts of their business activities. In the event of bankruptcy, traders were potentially...

The disclosure of information to workers can take several forms (company journal, meeting with shop stewards, etc). This paper is about a form rarely studied: the boss's speech at the work medal ceremony. These medals were created by the ministry of commerce in France in 1886. The success of...

The way of organizing accounting did not interest many researchers in accounting. The article tries to fill this gap. It puts forward the transition from the bookkeeper to the accountant by the exploration of twelve European novels of the 19th and 20th century. This is not only a change of words...