The fact that crossing a political border dramatically reduces trade flows has been widely documented in the literature. The increasing number of borders has surprisingly attracted much less attention. The number of independent countries has indeed risen from 72 in 1948 to 192 today. This paper...

With the introduction of CO2 allowances, the European Union Carbon Trading Scheme (EU ETS) has imposed a price on the CO2 emissions of power generating companies. In line with economic theory, these companies pass on the costs of allowances and integrate it into the price of electricity. Due to...