Lower labour costs have ambiguous effects on domestic and foreign output in the presence of a transmission channel linking real wages with consumption and savings decisions of households. This transmission channel takes place via credit constrained households. The main result is that lowering...

This paper studies the impact of foreign barriers to goods and services trade on domestic jobs that are directly or indirectly related to trade flows. Using the ILO’s recently published estimates of the number of jobs in global supply chains, the empirical analysis in this paper largely...

In its recent World Employment and Social Outlook, the ILO published estimates of the number of jobs related to global supply chains (GSCs) for 40 countries in 1995–2013. This paper provides a detailed description of the methodology that was used for the estimation and documents the links...