The handbook on the history of European banks combines a comprehensive overview with extensive and detailed empirical analysis on the development of European banking and the subsequent impact of banks on national economies

Economic and social historians have traditionally been concerned to measure changes in the income and welfare of populations in the past.Until recently, however, they have not recognized that anthropometric data, such as evidence on the average height achieved by a population at a particular...

This study grounds the establishment of EMU and the euro in the context of the history of international monetary cooperation and of monetary unions, above all in the U.S., Germany and Italy. The purpose of national monetary unions was to reduce transactions costs of multiple currencies and...

This paper documents that the Rise of (Western) Europe between 1500 and 1850 is largely accounted for by the growth of European nations with access to the Atlantic, and especially by those nations that engaged in colonialism and long distance oceanic trade. Moreover, Atlantic ports grew much...

There are some striking similarities between the pre 1914 gold standard and EMU today. Both arrangements are based on fixed exchange rates, monetary and fiscal orthodoxy. Each regime gave easy access by financially underdeveloped peripheral countries to capital from the core countries. But the...

In this paper, we develop a model of technology adoption and economic growth in which households optimally obtain either a concept-based, general' education or a skill-specific, vocational' education. General education is more costly to obtain, but enables workers to operate new technologies...

pt. I. Public intervention and policy analysis -- pt. II. Private actors -- pt. III. The international dimension -- pt. IV. Management : strategies and tools -- pt. V. Technologies : issues and opportunities -- pt. VI. Conservation of built heritage -- pt. VII. Cultural heritage and the economy...

1. Mapping the European higher education landscape : new insights from the EUMIDA Project / Andreas Niederl ... [et al.] -- 2. Is there a European university model? : new evidence on national path dependence and structural convergence / Torben Schubert ... [et al.] -- 3. Public and private...

The contributions collected in this volume mirror the plurality of approaches we find in the theoretical writings of academics in different European countries. The additional business cases from six different nations show how leaders actually have adopted and integrated working with values in...

In February 2003, the London Congestion Charging Scheme was introduced and in 2006 a similar policy was introduced in Stockholm. In both cases automobile traffic entering the cordon declined by about 20 percent. This book evaluates these and other similar programs exploring their implications...