TQM is generally seen as depending on employees having a high awareness of quality issues and a willingness to engage in continuous improvement. Many total quality programmes have, implicitly or explicitly, attitudinal change as one of their initial objectives. Reports the results of a study...

Regardless of judgements about the novelty, permanence or extent of the “new industrial relations”, key features in the USA are a decline in union membership, the declining role of bargaining and a corresponding decrease in its scope; the increasing importance of human resource management;...