This paper presents a new approach to modeling of heat transfer by ground heat exchangers, involving unsteady heat conduction in composite media together with complex geometry. Analytical solutions for continuous line and cylindrical-surface sources are developed based on Jaeger’s...

District heating is regarded as a key element of energy saving actions in the Chinese national energy strategy, while space heating in China is currently still dominated by coal boilers. However, there is no existing quantitative study to analyse the future heat strategy for China. Therefore, it...

The emission parameters and expose–response functions of some pollutants, such as sulphur dioxide (SO2) and Inhalable Particulate Matter (PM10), were introduced to calculate the emission caused by energy consumption in various sectors and regions in China under different scenarios. The impacts...