Most of the recent numerical market partial equilibrium models of natural gas markets use imperfect competition assumptions. These models are typically embedded with a simple representation of the demand side, usually a single-variable, linear, inverse demand function, that does not capture any...

We consider the effects of penetration of heat storage for space heating on the balance of payments. Although electric heating has low thermodynamic efficiency, it may be economically attractive because of the use of cheap fuels. Two operating modes are considered for controlling the heat...