Entropy generation, which is available exergy destruction, is an important subject in fields of energy management and thermal engineering. With the fast-growing rate of composite media applications in both industries and academic researches, it is necessary to study these media from the second...

Precise prediction of thermal processes is one of the major concerns in the field of heat transfer and within energy research communities. It has been proven that using LTE (local thermal equilibrium) conditions within a porous medium may give researchers erroneous data. From another point of...

In this paper, emulsion fuels from crude bio-oil and its molecular distillation fractions were prepared by single ultrasonic and ultrasonic-mechanical emulsification. The results showed that the emulsions from crude bio-oil and 0# diesel had the best stability, with a stability time of 31 days....

In the present paper, a five-column heat integrated methanol distillation scheme is proposed with the aid of process simulation and pinch analysis. Unlike the popular four-column (or 3 + 1 column) scheme, a medium-pressure column is added after the light ends column in this novel scheme. The...

In this paper, a high effective up-conversion luminescence agent (Er3+:Y3Al5O12) is synthesized by sol–gel method, and then its corresponding visible-light photocatalysts (Er3+:Y3Al5O12/Pt-KNbO3) are successfully prepared by hydrothermal and direct mixing methods. For comparison,...

Landscape constraints inevitably cause the irregularity of the shape or boundary of a wind farm, which was not fully considered in previous literature. In this paper, a single-boundary constraint model and a novel multi-boundary constraint model incorporated with ray intersection method are...

Graphite nanoplatelets (GnPs), obtained by sonicating the expanded graphite, were employed to simultaneously enhance the thermal (k) and electrical (σ) conductivity of organic form-stable phase change materials (FSPCMs). Using the method of in situ polymerization upon ultrasonic irradiation,...

Hydrothermal carbonization of water hyacinth was experimentally conducted in the range of 30 min to 24 h at 240 °C, chemical and structural properties of hydrochar products were investigated. Oxygen/carbon ratio, and hydrogen/carbon ratio in all hydrochar products were 0.19–0.45, and 0.94...

This paper describes the World Bank's technical assistance and lending efforts in support of developing countries facing power shortages. The paper reviews the World Bank's experience in helping governments to mitigate power shortages in Africa, South Asia, East Asia, and Latin America regions....