Paper production is an energy-intensive process and accounted for about 9% of industrial energy demand in Germany in 2008. There have only been slow improvements in energy efficiency in the paper industry over the past twenty years. Policies can accelerate the progress made, but knowledge about...

Strategies for reductions of emissions and depositions are described, with special regard for countries in transition. The influences of structural changes and energy-saving measures, as well as the effects of reductions of multiple pollutants, are analyzed for four countries in Central and...

The influence of energy-supply structure on emission-reduction costs for SO2 is outlined and evaluated. For this purpose, eight representative countries have been selected for analysing impacts due to different energy scenarios varying in final energy demand, fuel prices, assumed CO2-emission...