A high probability of limiting temperature increase to 2 °C requires a radiative forcing below 3 W/m2, around the end of this century, according to current knowledge. This paper identifies conditions under which achieving such low radiative forcing levels is feasible. Calculations here show...

This paper evaluates the role of land in long-run climate stabilization mitigation scenarios. The details of land modeling for common stabilization policy scenarios are, for the first time, presented, contrasted, and assessed. While we find significant differences in approaches across modeling...

Integrated assessment models are being used to support R&D portfolio decisions, in order to provide a more systems view on the impact of progress for individual technologies. While the model-supported assessment provides a more structured framework for analysis, it should not hide that there are...