Investments in long-lived, fossil-fuel intensive infrastructure can have large effects on carbon emissions over a long future period. We simulate a 2-period model of infrastructure investment with subsequent retrofit to purge its carbon emissions, under uncertainty about climate and retrofit...

The paper derives the global welfare-optimizing time path for a tax on fossil fuels causing a negative stock externality (climate change), under increasing marginal extraction cost, and in the presence of an unlimited backstop resource causing no externality. In a basic competitive case, the...

Interests in obtaining carbon offsets in host countries for CDM projects may serve as an obstacle to implementing more stringent general environmental policies in the same countries. A relatively lax environmental policy, whereby carbon emissions remain high, can be advantageous for such...