With the rapid development of the Chinese economy and society, differences in the electric power system load between the peak and valley values are increasing, and inefficient small capacity coal-fired plant units must be involved in load adjustment because gas units and pumped storage units...

Since the electricity market reforms of 2002, two large-scale power shortages, one occurring in 2004 and one in 2011, exerted a tremendous impact on the economic development of China and also gave rise to a fierce discussion regarding electricity system reforms. In this paper, the background and...