The term energy access has various connotations to energy development specialists. For this review, we define energy access as relating both to physical proximity to energy infrastructure and to the policies and frameworks supporting the transition to better, reliable, and more efficient use of...

Kenya has made great strides in increasing access to electricity to its population. The Multi-Tier Framework (MTF) survey has found about two-thirds of the population of Kenya having access to electricity (either from a grid or an off-grid connection) as of early 2016. Given the high pace of...

The Energy Sector Management Assistance Program (ESMAP) in the World Bank, in consultation with multiple development partners, has developed the Multi-Tier Framework (MTF) to measure and monitor energy access in terms of attributes and tiers. The MTF defines energy access as one that is...