With the continuous development of the social giant system, the independence of subsystem boundaries has decreased under the drive of complex relationships and multiple uncertainties. Decision makers are required to consider the interactions between different systems to develop precise policy...

The decoupling between economic growth and energy consumption in China is a major concern for academics and policy-makers owing to China's large economy, tremendous energy consumption, and the fast growth of both, but less to be discussed at the sectoral level. This paper takes advantage of the...